المنعكس الأحمر غائب red reflex is absent

A newborn child is being examined. During ophthalmologic evaluation,
it is noticed that the red reflex is absent. Which of the following could
this indicate?
a. Congenital cataracts
b. Chorioretinitis
c. Retinitis pigmentosa
d. Optic atrophy
e. Holoprosencephaly