Pediatric Notes

i couldnt imagine a left deltoid without a BCG scar , but then a trusted source said:

Tuberculosis BCG vaccination is no longer part of a universal programme delivered through schools, but is targeted for those who are at greatest risk.

but yet ,

check this , nice :

www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tbpc-latb/pdf/recognition-bcg-scars_e.ppt

thx alot
it seems useful

I would lyk to comment on this point mentioned in CF ( cystic fibrosis) in ur last page

In Hirschsprung's disease ( congenital aganglionic colon ) -- nerves are absent--- inhibitng peristalsis-- blockage --- inhbiting meconium movement -- swollen loop ---that starts at the anus and progresses upwards.

Mention a syndrome that is commonly associated with hirschsprung's disease ?
Down's syndrome

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In Meconium plug syndrome ( immature colon ) --- nerves are present but immature of dysfxnal ---inhibitng peristalsis-- blockage --- inhbiting meconium movement -- swollen loop ---that starts at the anus and progresses upwards.

Mention the most common disease associated with mothers of meconium plug syndrome babies ?
DM ( diabetes mellitus )

= Both have identical radiographical findings , yet , the cause differs ,

Now in Cystic Fibrosis , the meconium inspissation leads to ileal obstruction - i mean by inspissation becomes thick , dried due deficiency of trypsin and other digestive enzymes from the pancreas that usually act on it and pass it in feces after birth .

What is the basis of sweat test used in Dx of cystic fibrosis ?

When the CFTR protein does not work, chloride is trapped inside the cells in the airway and outside in the skin. Because chloride is negatively charged, positively charged ions also cannot cross into the cell because they are affected by the electrical attraction of the chloride ions. Sodium is the most common ion in the extracellular space and the combination of sodium and chloride creates the salt, which is lost in high amounts in the sweat of individuals with CF. This lost salt forms the basis for the sweat test

When a cystic fibrosis pt will grow up with which syndrome will u title his ab xray ?

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am amayzed , such wonderful notes and nil discussion !

thats smart idea btw
i was wondering alot about how can they make sure that a +ve tuberculin is a BCG or active TB
THX ALOT

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I would lyk to proceed in my discussion

actually in pg no.3 they were saying

= BBTD = Baby Bottle tooth Decay

- mainly the maxiallary incisors are the most affected -
why ?
cuz tounge protects the lower

What is the most common organism responsible for dental caried in infants ?
streptococcus mutans ( anerobic oral commensal )

What is the substrate for this oral commensal ?
Ferementable Carbs ( milk , juice , .. )

Explain the mechanism of BBTD ?
Now usually saliva washes up our mouth , when an infant sleeps saliva production decreases rapidly , this allows the oral commensals to interact with carbs in the infants mouth ( milk ) --- acid production by ferementation-- enmal etching --- dental caries

How can we solve this problem ?
infants should not be put to sleep with a bottle containing a liquid other than water

Role of water ?
not only the flouride and inhibition of constipation but also helps in prevention of dental caries